The Chow Chow is the most distinctive and oldest of dog breeds in the world. Its mane-like fur, blue-black tongue, and obstinacy have captivated dog owners for centuries.
Whether you want to bring a Chow Chow into your household or even just learn about this majestic and mysterious breed, this article will inform you about everything there is to know about their history, looks, and temperament.
Overview of the Chow Chow breed
The Chow Chow is a large to medium-sized dog breed hailing from China. They are extremely independent, obstinate, and have protective instincts. Unlike other dogs, Chow Chows bond with one or at the most two people, thus become loyal companions but never over-attached.
This is a unique breed due to its thick double coat, broad head, sunken eyes, and blue-black tongue. In spite of appearing soft and cute-faced, Chow Chows are powerful dogs and require experienced owners who can socialize and train them well.
What makes them unique and special
- Chow Chows differ from many other breeds in several respects:
- They have a blue-black tongue, a feature shared by only the Shar Pei.
- Their lion-like mane is responsible for their majestic and regal look.
- Chow Chows are independent and cat-like in nature, and would rather be left alone than be sought out and requested to provide attention.
- They are among the oldest dog breeds, with their origins tracing back over 2,000 years ago.
- Their strong guard instincts make them great watchdogs.
Popularity and historical significance
Chow Chows have been beloved for centuries and were once a Chinese royal dog. They have gained popularity around the globe over the years due to their unique looks and aloof personality. They have been owned by Chinese emperors, European royalty, and even celebrities like Martha Stewart.
Today, Chow Chows are currently sought-after pets in much of the world, especially among individuals who appreciate their regal nature and obstinacy.
History & Origins of Chow Chow
Ancient breed with a royal lineage
Chow Chow has been reported to be one of the oldest dog breeds with a history spanning more than 2,000 years. Depictions of Chow Chow-type dogs have been discovered in old Chinese paintings and artifacts, and these suggest that they were hunting dogs, guard dogs, and even sled dogs.
Origins in China and their role as hunting, guarding, and war dogs
Traditionally, Chow Chows have been employed as Chinese hunting dogs due to their muscular build and excellent hunting instinct. They also functioned as noble and temple guard dogs.
Over time, they have been utilized for:
- Hunting: Their strong prey drive made them a good hunting dog.
- Guarding: They defended houses and temples aggressively.
- Sled Pulling: Due to their heavy build, they were used to pull sleds and carts during severe weather.
Connection to Chinese dynasties and Buddhism
During the Tang Dynasty of 7th–10th centuries, Chow Chows were kept as palace companions by Chinese emperors. According to history, over 5,000 Chow Chows were bred in imperial kennels.
The Buddhist monks too preferred the breed and used to keep them as guard dogs in temples. Some historians are of the opinion that Chow Chows have been the inspiration behind the breeding of other Asian breeds like the Tibetan Mastiff and Akita Inu.
Later in the 19th century, the breed was imported into Europe and America and became a hit with dog fanciers and aristocrats alike.
Chow Chow’s Appearance & Physical Traits
Size & weight: Height, build, and weight range
The Chow Chow is a medium to large dog of compact, sturdy build.
- Height: 17–20 inches (43–51 cm)
- Weight: 45–70 pounds (20–32 kg)
- Body Structure: Square shape, sturdy legs, deep chest
Unique physical features:
Blue-black tongue (only found in Chow Chows & Shar Peis)
The most distinctive aspect of the Chow Chow is its blue-black tongue. It is a very unusual feature that exists only in the Chow Chow and the Chinese Shar Pei.
Lion-like fluffy mane
Their double-layered thick coat gives them a ruff-like mane around their neck, and they appear lion-like.
Deep-set almond eyes
Small almond-shaped Chow Chow eyes render them serious and reserved in appearance. Their smaller periphery vision is part of the reason that they often seem aloof.
Types of Coat & colors of Chow Chow
Rough vs. smooth coat
- Rough Coat: Thick, heavy coat with an undercoat of the same type (more typical).
- Smooth Coat: Brief, dense coat with less hard texture (less typical).
Popular colors: Red, Black, Blue, Cinnamon, Cream
There are five recognized Chow Chow colors:
- Red (most popular)
- Black
- Blue
- Cinnamon (light tan to light brown)
- Cream (nearly white)
Chow Chow’s Personality & Behavior
Independent & reserved nature
Chow Chows are very independent and aloof. They are unlike other dogs who need constant attention; Chow Chows like to be left alone and only seek out their masters when they wish to do so. Their behavior is likened to a cat, unlike other friendly but lovable animals.
Loyal but not overly affectionate
Chow Chows are extremely possessive of their family but not overly friendly. They are one-person dogs, so they will form a bond with one or two family members and turn their backs on strangers.
Protective instincts – good guard dogs
Because they are a territorial breed, Chow Chows make great guard dogs. They are suspicious natures by nature and will defend their family and house if they are threatened.
Not very social with strangers
Unlike friendly breeds like Golden Retrievers or Labradors, Chow Chows are not overly trusting of strangers. Early socialization must be done carefully to prevent excessively aggressive behavior.
Strong-willed and sometimes stubborn
Chow Chows are independent and stubborn animals. They do not respond well to strict training and must have a patient, consistent, and skilled handler.
Chow Chow Training & Socialization
Is a Chow Chow easy to train?
The Chow Chow is not an easy breed to train, particularly for first-time dog owners. Unlike highly trainable breeds such as Labradors or Golden Retrievers, Chow Chows have a strong will to be independent and like to do things on their own.
They are clever dogs, but they can also be stubborn and hard to train. If they are not consistently trained and guided properly, a Chow Chow may become dominant, possessive, and hard to handle.
Training a Chow Chow demands patience, consistency, and gentle yet firm correction. They become stubborn when they are punished harshly or trained.
Best Training Techniques for a Chow Chow
Early socialization is key
Early socialization is essential for a Chow Chow so that it may not develop aggressive or too shy tendencies. Being naturally suspicious of strangers, they need to be exposed to various people, locations, and activities early in life.
- Begin socialization from puppyhood (8-16 weeks).
- Expose them to various people, animals, and surroundings.
- Encourage proper exposure to new things to be sure of themselves.
If not socialized at an early age, Chow Chows become fearful, aggressive, or overprotective.
Consistent training methods
Chow Chows are obstinate, therefore, they require a well-disciplined and orderly training process. Unsystematic training will puzzle them, and they may develop disobedience or resistance.
- Use brief and energetic training periods (10–15 minutes) to avoid monotony.
- Have clear commands and remain consistent with requirements.
- Have the same rules for all family members to avoid confusing the Chow Chow with mixed signals.
Positive reinforcement works best
Chow Chows best respond through positive reinforcement, wherein good behavior is rewarded and never punished for committing a mistake.
- Reward good behavior with treats, compliments, and affection.
- Don’t punish or correct them severely, as this will result in defensive aggression.
- Be tolerant—Chow Chows are not the easiest to train, but they will learn provided they are properly trained.
Common behavioral challenges:
Territorial nature
Chow Chows are born protectors and will naturally defend home and family. Left untrained, this becomes barking excessively, aggression towards strangers, or possessiveness.
Solution:
- Train the “Quiet” command to manage excessive barking.
- Socialize them relentlessly to minimize territorialism.
- Be the pack leader to prevent them from believing that they need to be the leader themselves.
Can be aggressive if not trained properly
A Chow Chow that is not well-trained can develop aggression, primarily towards strangers and other animals. Their independent nature and strong personality can render them unmanageable if not well-trained during the early years.
Solution:
- Begin obedience training early.
- Practice controlled introductions when greeting new people or dogs.
- Never reinforce possessive or protective behavior, even if it is done in a playful manner.
With good training and socialization, a Chow Chow can also be a good, quiet, and confident friend.
Chow Chow’s Grooming & Maintenance
Perhaps the most distinctive feature of the Chow Chow is its double plush coat that must be well-groomed at all times to appear stunning and in tip-top condition. Neglected of their rightful attention, their coat becomes matted and knotted, a source of discomfort for the animal.
Shedding level: High – requires regular grooming
Chow Chows are heavy shedders, especially during seasonal coat changes. They shed moderate amounts year-round, but during spring and fall, they experience heavy shedding as they transition between summer and winter coats.
If you’re sensitive to dog hair or allergic to pet dander, a Chow Chow may not be the best choice.
Brushing routine: 3-4 times per week
Regular brushing is essential to prevent mats and tangles in their thick fur.
- Groom them with an undercoat rake or slicker brush to remove loose hair.
- Groom 3–4 times per week, but once a day during shedding season.
- Brush particularly the mane, behind the ears, and under the legs because these are matting points.
Not only does brushing maintain their coat in good health but also helps to minimize shedding around the home.
Bathing schedule: Every 4-6 weeks
Chow Chows are not bathed daily, but should be bathed every 4–6 weeks to maintain their coat clean and fresh.
- Gentle dog shampoo should be used to avoid skin irritation.
- Let their thick coat dry completely because water is stored in their fur and causes skin infection.
- Bathing daily removes dirt, debris, and odour from their bushy coat.
Nail trimming & dental hygiene importance
As with all dogs, Chow Chows require regular nail trimming and brushing of teeth to remain healthy.
1. Nail Trimming
- Trim nails every 3–4 weeks to avoid overgrowth.
- Long nails are painful, uncomfortable to walk on, and lead to posture problems.
2. Dental Care
- Brush their teeth 2–3 times a week to avoid gum disease and bad breath.
- Offer dental chews or toys to help minimize plaque formation.
Seasonal coat shedding & how to manage it
Chow Chows seasonally shed during spring and fall when they are adjusting to warm or cold temperatures.
To cope with shedding seasons:
- Brush daily when shedding season occurs.
- Dry with high-velocity dryer after bath to remove loose coat.
- Provide a good diet of healthy nutrients, including omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, to help skin and coat stay healthy.
- Clean your home using a good vacuum cleaner for pet hair.
If you keep the right grooming schedule, you can make your Chow Chow’s coat lovely, minimize shedding, and avoid skin issues.
Chow Chow’s Health Issues & Lifespan
Common health concerns:
Owing to their exceptional build and inherent constitution, Chow Chows develop a host of medical concerns. While some may be tackled through care, the others have to be watched continuously and addressed through their entire lifetime. The role of an able owner lies in keeping watchful eyes for these issues and putting into action defensive steps so as to avert drastic results.
Hip Dysplasia
Hip dysplasia is a congenital defect where the hip joint fails to develop normally, and it contributes to pain, stiffness, and mobility difficulties. This can eventually result in arthritis, which makes it even more challenging for your Chow Chow to run or walk. It is the most prevalent orthopedic issue in the breed.
Signs of hip dysplasia are:
- Having trouble standing or lying down
- Limping or leaning on one leg
- Shyness about ascending stairs, running, or jumping
- Reduced activity levels
In order to prevent or remedy hip dysplasia, a healthy weight for your Chow Chow is also a must. Excess weight puts too much pressure on the joints, and that will only aggravate the condition.
Giving them glucosamine and chondroitin supplements may perhaps make their joints stronger, and low-impact exercise such as swimming will get them moving without putting too much strain on their hips.
Entropion (eyelid issues)
Entropion is an inherited eye disorder in which the eyelids roll inward, and the eyelashes contact the cornea. It leads to irritation, tearing, and even corneal ulcers in severe cases. Entropion, if left untreated, may lead to vision problems or even blindness.
Symptoms of entropion are:
- Squinting or watery eyes constantly
- Scratching or rubbing one’s face
- Redness or swelling of the eyes
Treatment of entropion will vary according to how bad the entropion is. Eye drops will fix minor entropion, but severe entropion will require surgery in order to restore the eyelids to their correct positions. Regular checks at a vet will catch this before it causes an issue.
Allergies & skin conditions
As a result of their double thick coat, Chow Chows are subject to skin allergies, hot spots, and bacterial infections. The thick coat retains moisture and dirt and can develop fungal or bacterial infections if they are not properly cleaned.
The most common allergens are:
- Some foods (chicken, dairy, or grains)
- Environmental allergens (dust, pollen, mold)
- Flea bites or insect stings
Symptoms of skin allergy are excessive scratching, hair loss, reddening or swelling of the skin, and scaly patches. They can be treated with medicated shampoos, hypoallergenic diets, and grooming. Get your Chow Chow checked by a vet if he is allergic so that the reason is ascertained and he is treated appropriately.
Bloat (Gastric torsion)
Bloat, or gastric torsion or stomach twist, is an emergency that can happen in deep-chested breeds like the Chow Chow. It is when the stomach twists and is gas-filled, and the blood supply is cut off. It is a medical emergency because it can kill an animal in a few hours.
The premonitory signs of bloat are:
- Swollen or hard abdomen
- Excessive drooling or restlessness
- Straining to vomit but cannot
- Deep rapid breathing and weakness
To prevent bloat, feed the Chow Chow more times and less often in smaller amounts than a single large meal, and refrain from exercising hard after eating. Preventing gobbling can also be done using a slow-feed bowl.
How long do Chow Chows live?
The life expectancy of a Chow Chow is 9 to 15 years depending on genetics, diet, exercise, and general care. Some Chow Chows have lived more than 15 years when treated medically and suited appropriately.
To ensure your Chow Chow lives long and healthy:
- Schedule regular check-ups with the vet to detect any health issues early.
- Offer a balanced diet in order to avoid obesity and nutritional disease.
- Practice regular exercise to maintain their muscles and joints in good condition.
- Provide adequate mental training and stimulation to minimize stress and anxiety.
If properly taken care of, your Chow Chow will be a faithful companion for many years.
Exercise & Diet Requirements For Chow Chow
Do Chow Chows need a lot of exercise?
Chow Chows require moderate exercise, i.e., less body exercises compared to high-energy dog breeds such as Huskies but sporadic daily exercise for them to remain healthy. As much as they are independent and lazy, exercises can protect them from obesity, joint illness, and behavioral disorders caused by boredom.
The right exercise routine of a given Chow Chow consists of:
- 30-45 minutes of physical exercise daily
- Briefly scheduled walks in place of runaway rushes
- Playtime in a shaded, cool place (Chow Chows are heat-intolerant)
- Mental stimulation exercise such as obedience training or puzzle toys
Don’t exercise your Chow Chow in the heat since they are susceptible to heat exhaustion with their heavy coat. Always keep them full of fresh water and shade outdoors.
Best food for Chow Chow
Balanced diet is required to keep your Chow Chow’s coat, immune system, and muscle in top condition. Since they tend to develop food allergies and obesity, their dietary routine must be carefully regulated.
1. Muscle-Building High-Protein Diet
Chow Chows must be given lean and high-protein diets to develop and maintain their muscles and energy reserves.
Protein-rich foods:
- Chicken, Turkey, or Fish
- Lean Beef or Lamb
- Eggs
Steer clear of low-grade commercial dog foods with excessive fillers, leading to digestive upset and allergies.
2. Restricted Grains & Healthy Fats
Sensitivity to grain is found in some Chow Chows and may lead to skin irritations and digestive issues. Grain-free or restricted-grain diets can halt allergies.
Best sources of carbs:
- Sweet potatoes
- Brown rice (in moderation)
- Pumpkin (for the digestive system)
Skin & coat healthy fats
- Salmon oil & Flaxseed oil (Omega-3 rich for shiny, healthy coat)
- Coconut oil (for skin hydration and immunity)
Do not feed them processed food, artificial preservatives, and too many treats as they can make them obese and sensitive.
Is a Chow Chow Right for You?
Chow Chows have distinct personality traits and care requirements that make them perfect for some people but unsuitable for others. Below, we’ll explore who is best suited to owning a Chow Chow and who might struggle with this breed.
Who is a Chow Chow Ideal For?
Experienced Dog Owners
Chow Chows are independent and headstrong and therefore require an experienced, firm, consistent, and mature owner capable of handling headstrong breeds. They are not the right dog for first-time dog owners as they are difficult to train and socialize.
People Who Like a Low-Energy, Independent Dog
Unlike very hyper dogs such as Border Collies or Huskies, Chow Chows are not very energetic and do not require a lot of exercise. They are satisfied with short daily walks and more than happily stay home for the rest of the day.
Even with this, because they are so independent, they are not necessarily super needy or demanding and are thus a great option for someone who simply wants a dog that will not be constantly seeking attention.
Safe Backyard Homes
Chow Chows are extremely protective and prefer to have their own space. A nice home with a safe, fenced-in backyard is ideal because it keeps them free but secure.
Who is a Chow Chow NOT Suitable For?
First-Time Dog Owners
Being a strong-willed and independent dog, Chow Chows require an owner with experience of dog temperament, socialization, and positive reinforcement. First-time dog owners would be challenged to match their possessiveness and stubbornness.
Very Young Children and Families
Chow Chows are loyal family pets but not tolerant of very young, misbehaved children. They do enjoy calm, formal environments and can become standoffish if a child pet their coats, runs around them everywhere, or invades their space.
People Looking for a Needlessly Snuggly Dog
If you want a dog to snuggle with you all day, be your shadow wherever you go, and require attention all the time, then the Chow Chow is not your dog.
The Chow Chow is not like Labrador and Golden Retriever types of dogs; it’s independent, quiet, and sometimes standoffish. They love you, but quietly and in dignity.
FAQs
Are Chow Chows friendly towards other pets?
Chow Chows are dominant and possessive, especially with same-sex dogs. They can, nonetheless, coexist with other pets, including cats and small dogs, if properly socialized early. Early introduction to other animals and gradual exposure are crucial in preventing aggression.
Can a Chow Chow be kept in an apartment?
Yes, Chow Chows are wonderful apartment dogs, but they need to be exercised and trained. Since they are moderately energetic, they will be just fine in a smaller space if they get their daily walk and a quiet, serene setting. But they are protective and will bark at noises, so they need to be trained to adapt to an apartment lifestyle.
Are Chow Chows high-maintenance dogs?
Yes, Chow Chows are a high-maintenance breed due to their thick double coat, grooming, and health issues. They require frequent brushing (3-4 times a week), skin care, and regular professional grooming to prevent matting. They also require firm training and socialization because of their stubborn nature.
Do Chow Chows bark a lot?
Chow Chows are not too much of barkers, but they are watchdogs and are protective. They will bark if they find something amiss or when there is someone at the door. They can be trained to bark only when they must, and hence they make good watchdogs.
How much does a Chow Chow puppy cost?
The cost of a Chow Chow puppy depends on breeder reputation, lineage, and geographical location. On average:
- Pet-quality Chow Chow: ₹50,000 – ₹1,00,000 ($600 – $1,500)
- Show-quality Chow Chow: ₹1,00,000 – ₹3,00,000 ($1,500 – $4,000)
Furthermore, Chow Chow ownership comes with long-term expenses like grooming, quality food, vet bills, and training.
Chow Chows are loyal, reserved, and dignified dogs but require dedicated care, obedience training, and grooming. They are not a good choice as pets for novice dog owners but for those who understand and enjoy their unique character, a Chow Chow can be a very rewarding pet.
If you are thinking about adopting a Chow Chow, be prepared to accept the commitment, trainability problems, and grooming that this dog can offer. Given a quality owner and proper care, a Chow Chow can become a loyal, loving family pet for many years to come.
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Would you consider a Chow Chow as your next pet? Let us know in the comments!